日光溫室溫度變化與熱量狀態(tài)分析

收稿日期 1995-09-18 修回日期 1996-02-05 j 3 Z4 5(1 西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學園藝系陜西楊陵 712100, 2 府谷縣農(nóng)業(yè)局, 3 咸陽秦都園藝站, 4 神木蠶桑園藝站, 5 榆林農(nóng)科所)K 1 對陜北和關(guān)中地區(qū)日光溫室溫度變化和熱量狀況的對比觀測試驗結(jié)果表明, 陜北地區(qū)日光溫室的最高氣溫、平均氣溫和10 cm 土溫分別比關(guān)中高 9.9 10 、 1.8 2.3 和 1.0 1.3 , 是理想的發(fā)展區(qū)域。日光溫室夜間失熱的主要途徑為貫流放熱, 失熱量占總熱量76%以上;其次是土壤橫向傳熱, 失熱量占總熱量12.5% 13.2%, 換氣放熱失熱量最少, 占總熱量 5.6% 10.7%。加強夜間草簾覆蓋和挖防寒溝是保溫的主要方法。1oM 日光溫室;溫度;熱量狀態(tài) 8C ; i0 .3hm 2, , ; i s v,y7 5 9。3 3 R V? T ! ; i k, 12 / ; i M,s ; i l f , ; i4 IG 。1 材料與方法 12 u3 i k(V1), v,4 ?。 i( oY ,W3 cmP 。V1 ; i?Table 1 Structure and standards of typicalgreenhouse溫室代號Codename跨度(m)Span長度(m)Length墻體厚度(m)Thicknessof wall后墻高度(m)Height of rear wall前坡長(m)Lengthof ahead slope后坡長(m)Lengthof rear slopeA 6.9 50.0 1 .0 1.8 5.9 2.6B 8.0 42.6 1 .0 1.4 8.3 2.5C 7.3 42.0 0 .9 2.1 7.5 1.4注 Note:A.府谷縣日光溫室Solar greenhousein Fugu county; B.咸陽渭濱鄉(xiāng)日光溫室 Solargreenhousein Weibin Xianyang;C.咸陽灃西鄉(xiāng)郭村日光溫室 Solar greenhousein GuocunFengxi Xianyang以下各表及圖例同 Theseweresamein thefollowing tablesand figures!19 3 HqGQsY:3849 39023424; M v H 2 898.7 h2 179.4 h;12 / M2z ( v H 208.5 207.3 h151.4 h , ( vs q69.3 % 70%48.7 %; (Kv;v 1: b , Q r _. ,Q b ,?- Kl。sV ,: b 3Fs i  > > :8 。V A,A i tl, - , bWv, l ,。7BC i tV7 m , - >7.5 m ,W1YVi - , ,%9 , i = 。 N,3 ; i tRV7 m , l - ,F C >B, A i tl, - , :8 , ,? 6 y,W , i 。C i t - Bl,W , iB i。 gM? p。yN, y/ ; i t7 m =,3.0 mP。3.3 i > 1o i l sV , ; i l 1 L% i =r ?,1 :b ,9 > 76% , i - 9: b 90%P。 ,F o。#yp ie, 'r . 。 b 55 f , ?z g ,i ,' V|s > Kl。 ID1 陳瑞生,鄭海山,張建國等.日光溫室氣象環(huán)境綜合研究(三).農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報,1992 ,8(4):78 822 李良晨.保護地設(shè)施內(nèi)熱濕狀態(tài)的計算方法.西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報,1991,19(4):25 313 李良晨.不加溫溫室和塑料大棚內(nèi)外溫度的相互關(guān)系.西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報,1992 ,20(1):23 294 北京農(nóng)業(yè)大學主編.保護地蔬菜栽培學.北京:農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,1980Analyse onVariationsof Temperature andQuantity ofHeat inSolarGreenhouseZouZhirong1, LiJianming1, WangNaibiao2,LiuYunxing3, LiHaigang4andLiHulin5(1 Dept.of Horticulture, Northw estern Agricultural University, 2 Fugu, Agricultural Office, 3 Xianyang, Qindu S tation of Horticulture,4 Shenmu, Sericulture Horiticulture Station, 5 Yulin Institute of Agricultural Sciences)Abstract By means of comparative experimentation, this paper was intented to research the variations oftemperature and quantity of heat on greenhouse in Shaanbei and Guanzhong stations.I t showed that the maxi-mum of tem perature , average temperature and 10cm ground temperature in Shaanbei greenhouse w as greaterthan that of Guanzhong .It is an ideal region of developing greenhouse .The m ajor way of lossing heat at nightis through around structure w hich accounts for 76 %of all lossing heat .The second w ay is crossw ise lossing heatby soil w hich accounts for 12.5% 13.2% of all lossing heat.The final way is chink lossing heat w hich ac-counts for 5.6% 10.7 %of all lossing heat.Therefore , covering grassy marshland at night and digging coldpreventive ditch are major w ays of heat preservation .Keywords Solar greenhouse ;Temperature ;Quantity of heat60 j < 6