國(guó)外有機(jī)設(shè)施園藝現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)中國(guó)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的啟示.pdf
34 15 V ol.34 No.15 2018 8 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Aug. 2018 1 國(guó)外有機(jī)設(shè)施園藝現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)中國(guó)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的啟示 劉霓紅 1 ,蔣先平 1 , 程俊峰 1 ,李 惠 玲 1 , 李 葦 2 ,薛坤鵬 1 ,侯 露 2 ,熊 征 2 1. 510640 2. 510530 摘 要: + 關(guān)鍵詞 :溫室,園藝, 設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè),有機(jī)認(rèn)證,可持續(xù)性發(fā)展,植物工廠(chǎng) doi 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S62 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1002-6819(2018)-015-0001-09 劉霓紅 ,蔣先平 ,程俊峰 , 李惠 玲 , 李 葦 , 薛 坤 鵬, 侯 露,熊 征. 國(guó) 外 有 機(jī) 設(shè)施 園藝 現(xiàn) 狀 及對(duì) 中 國(guó) 設(shè)施 農(nóng) 業(yè)可 持 續(xù)發(fā)展的啟示J. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2018 , 34(15) : 1 9. doi : 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 http:/www.tcsae.org Liu Nihong, Jiang Xianping, Cheng Junfeng, Li Huiling, Li Wei, Xue Kunpeng, Hou Lu, Xiong Zheng. Current situation of foreign organic greenhouse horticulture and its inspiration for sustainable development of Chinese protected agriculture J. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(15): 1 9. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi :10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 http:/www.tcsae.org 0 引 言 1 2 3-6 7 Nature Plant 21 2018-04-28 2018-06-05 2017LM2153 2017 2017 88 2016 2016 31 2016 108 2017 2017 88 ZH201602 ZH201603 ZH201604 Email: 93226078qq.com Email: xiongz109qq.com 8 10% 20% 8-9 organic greenhouse horticulture, OGH BioGreenhouse 10 1 國(guó)外有 機(jī)設(shè)施 園藝發(fā) 展現(xiàn)狀 1.1 有機(jī)設(shè) 施園藝 產(chǎn)生的背 景 2016 Willer Lernoud 1999 4 2014 4300 hm 211 133 hm 2 290 137 hm 2 835 315 hm 2 49 225 hm 2 146 657 hm 2 706 hm 2 (59 669 hm 2 ) (46 573 hm 2 ) (26 664 hm 2 ) (25 930 hm 2 ) (22 331 hm 2 ) (15 554 hm 2 ) (11 690 hm 2 ) (10 392 hm 2 ) (8014 hm 2 ) (6003 hm 2 ) 1 11 2014 1999 綜合 研究 2 http:/www.tcsae.org 2018 5 800 359 45% 11% 2014 262 7.6% 2 Dorais Cull 0.5% 30% 40% 12 2018 1500 8-11 圖 1 全球 10 大有機(jī)蔬菜生產(chǎn)國(guó) Fig. 1 Top 10 countries producing organic vegetable 圖 2 全球有機(jī)食品市場(chǎng)消費(fèi)份額 Fig. 2 Ratio of global market by 10 top countries Seufert 66 13 Seufert 1.2 有機(jī)設(shè) 施園藝 定義、起 源和目 標(biāo) 10 international federal of organic agriculture movement, IFOAM 2008 2013 TP organic 2 14 15 1.3 國(guó)外有 機(jī)設(shè)施 園藝認(rèn)證 面積 16 2016 1 5236 hm 2 3066 hm 2 2000 hm 2 500600 hm 2 263 hm 2 1875 hm 2 500 hm 2 230 hm 2 214 hm 2 186 hm 212 8.4% 20% 51% 116 hm 2 90% 12 表 1 國(guó)外有機(jī)設(shè)施蔬菜種植面積及 所占其比例 12,16Table 1 Estimation of organic vegetable greenhouse area worldwide and share in terms of their respective country greenhouse vegetable greenhouse area 12, 16 . Category Countries Organic vegetable greenhouse area /hm 2 Conventional vegetable greenhouse area /hm 2 Ratio/% European Union Italy 2000 42800 4.7 Spain 2000 75200 2.7 France 500600 11500 4.35.2 Germany 263 1273 20.7 Netherlands 125 4890 2.6 United Kingdom 80 1820 4.4 Switzerland 57 550 10.4 Belgium 32 1600 2.0 Austria 30 510 5.9 Denmark 25 120 20.8 Sweden 12 145 8.3 Finland 9 270 3.3 Hungary 1.5 5400 0.1 Iceland 1 10 10 Estonia 0.7 89 0.1 Non- European Union Mexico 1875 3676 51 Israel 500 11000 4.5 Morroco 230 20000 1.2 Canada 214 1460 14.7 USA 186 911 20.4 Turkey 31 40336 0.1 Egypt 30 6800 0.1 15 3 17 1000 hm 2 1800 hm 2 2 59.55 hm 2 13.91 hm 2 12.26 hm 2 28.2 hm 2 3 表 2 美國(guó)和加拿大的有機(jī)設(shè)施蔬菜主要產(chǎn)區(qū)及其面積 12, 14, 17Table 2 Main producing regions of organic greenhousevegetables in USA and Canada 12, 14, 17 . Countries Province Area/hm 2 USA California 51.86 Oregon 28.47 Florida 12.36 Pennsylvania 11.15 Vermont 7.42 Maine 6.87 Georgia 6.52 Arizona 6.09 Texas 4.22 Canada Quebec 82 British Columbia 55 Ontario 50 Nova Scotia 10 New Brunswick 7 Alberta 4 Prince Edward Island 3 Prairie 2 Newfoundland 1 表 3 美國(guó)有機(jī)設(shè)施蔬菜主要品種 及其面積 17Table 3 Main crops of organic greenhouse vegetables in USA 17 Main crops Area/hm 2 Tomato 59.55 Sweet pepper 13.91 Melon 1.67 Bean-pea 1.39 Herbs 28.2 Lettuce 12.26 Spinach 4.53 Brassica oleracea 2.42 Other vegetable 61.9 1.4 有機(jī)設(shè) 施園藝 產(chǎn)量和盈 利分析 4555 kg/m 2 2030 kg/m 2 5060 kg/m 212 14.82 kg/m 2 hm 2 66 996 18 170%346% 19 Crowder Reganold meta 40 a 55 20 10%18% 7%13% 29%32% 5%7% 21-22 17, 23 24-25 5 26, 27 4 28 表 4 溫室番茄有機(jī)種植和傳統(tǒng)種植的 產(chǎn)量對(duì)比分析 Table 4 Contrastive analysis of organic yield and traditional planting of greenhouse Tomato Country Organic planting/ (kg m -2 ) Traditional planting/(kg m -2 ) Comparison of organic and traditional yield Netherlands 2945 65 0.69 Canada 3048.853.5 52.052.6 0.941.02 1.5 有機(jī)設(shè) 施園藝 基本形式 及認(rèn)證 規(guī)則要 點(diǎn) 31 32 33-35 36-37 38 12 4 http:/www.tcsae.org 2018 39-40 2010 EGTOP 2013