ModelofProtected GreenhousecultivationinAlmeria anintegratedandevolutionarysystem FernandoBienvenidoUniversityofAlmeriaSpain INDEX 1 Introduction 2 Evolution 3 Earlychallenges 4 1980 schallenges 5 1990 schallenges 6 2000 schallenges7 Technologydevelopmentmodel8 Discussion 1 Introduction Almer a locatedsoutheastSpain holdstheworldlargestconcentrationofgreenhouses 37000 28000ha 2008 1 Introduction Almer a locatedsoutheastSpain holdstheworldlargestconcentrationofgreenhouses 37000 28000ha 2008 1 Introduction Almer a locatedsoutheastSpain holdstheworldlargestconcentrationofgreenhouses 37000 28000ha 2008 1 Introduction Almer a locatedsoutheastSpain holdstheworldlargestconcentrationofgreenhouses 37000 28000ha 2008 1 Introduction Almer a locatedsoutheastSpain holdstheworldlargestconcentrationofgreenhouses 37000 28000ha 2008 WesternCounty Greatconcentrationofgreenhouses 30000H Greatconcentrationofgreenhouses Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea 1 Introduction WesternCounty Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea 1 Introduction 2 Evolution EvolutionofthegreenhouseareaintheWesternCounty1974 400ha 2004 20000ha Criado Lopez Incorporationoftechnologiesinordertosolveproblems Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea 2 Evolution DataSource InstitutodeEstad sticadeAndaluc a MinistryofAgricultureofAndalusia Cuustoms Cajamar Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea Largeproductionofhorticulturalspecificproduct tons 2 Evolution MinistryofAgricultureofAndalusia Cuustoms Cajamar Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea Evolutionofprofitability increasedproduction technology 2 Evolution Incorporationoftechnologiesinordertosolveproblems Almeria IntensiveHorticultureArea 2 Evolution 3 Earlychallenges 1950 s Grapecultivation parral Almeriagrapevariety AridNosoil SandCulture SandCulture Increasestheintensityofmicrobialactivity leadingtoaprematureharvest Improvestheuseofmineralfertilisationbyplants Improvesthesolubilisationofthefertilisingelementscontainedinorprovidedtothesoil ContributestoincreasedCO2concentrationneartheground actingasacarbonfertiliser Conservessoilmoistureforalongerperiodoftime whichsavesirrigationwater Preventstheascensionofsaltstothelowersoillevels thusachievingpermanentdesalination Maintainsthestructureinexcellentconditionforlongerperiods Favoursthedevelopmentofrootsonthesurface Lackofsoils 3 Earlychallenges Early1970 s Grape smarketcrisis Newcrops Horticulturalproducts Coveringthesupportofvineswithplastic usingwires 3 Earlychallenges Problems Specificmarketrequirements Waterscarcity limitations 1980 1981 Hybridvarieties Dripirrigation 97 4 1980 schallenges Problems Extendtheproductionseason 1984 Improvementofplasticcovers ThermalCovers Winter ShadowNets Summer TraditionalWhitewashing 4 1980 schallenges Problems Adjustirrigationandfertilization 1986 Integrateddripline HimarcanSystem 4 1980 schallenges Problems Waterrestrictions sandscarcity newmaterials 1990 Soilessculture Optimizationofresources 5 1990 schallenges Problems Reducetheuseofchemicalstosetthefruits 1991 Bumblebeespollination Firstlocalstepinthebiologicmanagementandcontrol 5 1990 schallenges Problems Requirementofbetterstructure remainingunexpensive includingwindows higher laterals watercollection nets 1997 Technologicalimprovedlocalgreenhouse raspa amagado Computerbaseddesign simulations 5 1990 schallenges Problems Requirementofbetterstructure remainingunexpensive includingwindows higher laterals watercollection nets 1997 Technologicalimprovedlocalgreenhouse raspa amagado Costeffective withthecostofconstructionat4 5 15 m2 Goodunitvolumeandgreaterthermalinertia whichincreasesthetemperatureatnightandhermeticcharactercomparedwithprevious parral greenhouses Ithasagreaterheight whichfacilitatesaircirculation Installationofroofventilationplacedtotheleewardside nexttotheedgeoftheridge allowingforgoodventilationbychimneyeffect Goodresistancetowindaction Remainadaptabletoirregularplotgeometries imbalances Itiswell adaptedforcertaincrops suchasnon trellisedcrops 5 1990 schallenges Problems Requirementofbetterstructure remainingunexpensive includingwindows higher laterals watercollection nets 1997 Technologicalimprovedlocalgreenhouse raspa amagado 5 1990 schallenges Problems Correctusedofthefertilizers fertigation avoidingsoilandaquiferspollution 1999 Automaticdriphead Automaticfertigationsystem 5 1990 schallenges Problems Correctusedofthefertilizers fertigation avoidingsoilandaquiferspollution 1999 Automaticdriphead Automaticfertigationsystem Fertigationcontrol Venturiinjectors Tensiometers PhandECsensors 5 1990 schallenges Problems Easierthemanagementofmorecomplexinstallations 2000 Automaticclimatecontrol Programmablecontroller Foggingnozzle Fansopposedevaporatorpads Forcedventilation Roofflaps manual motor Thermalorshadowscreens HeatingSystemsMeanlynurceries 6 2000 schallenges Problems Easierthemanagementofmorecomplexinstallations 2000 Automaticclimatecontrol Microcontrolleranddata loggingcomputer Foggingnozzle Fansopposedevaporatorpads Forcedventilation Roofflaps manual motor Thermalorshadowscreens HeatingSystemsMeanlynurceries 6 2000 schallenges Problems Reducetheuseofpesticides marketdemand 2005 Biologicalcontrol IntegratedProduction Anagriculturalsystemofproductionofplantproducts whichfullyutilizesallthenaturalresourcesandnaturalmechanismsofproductionassuringalong termsustainableagriculture Itusesrationallydifferentcontrolmethodsasbiologicalcontrolorganism chemicalsandotherculturaltechniques bringingintolinethedemandsofthesociety protectionofenvironmentandagriculturalproductivity Ittakesaccounttooofalltheoperationsforhandling packaging processingandlabeling Definition IntegratedProduction 6 2000 schallenges Qualitynormative Productcharacteristics Productionprocess Generalnormativeabouthorticulturalproducts Specificnormativeofhorticulturalproducts TomatoPepperCucumberCourgette Egg plantMelonWatermelonGreenbeans SpecificnormativeaboutBCOsandpesticides 6 2000 schallenges MaincharacteristicsofIntegratedProduction Intermediatestatebetweenconventionalandorganicproduction Holisticapproach Itstakesaccountnotonlyoftheproductsquality butofalltheprocesses fromproductiontopackagingandmarketing Independentlycertified Controlbycertificationbodies asorganic andtheadministration Government Globalapproach alltheagentsintheproduction marketingandmanagementprocessesareinvolved 6 2000 schallenges Regionalized GeneralEUidea butspecificregionalnormative 6 2000 schallenges Administration Farmers Cooperatives Traders Exporters Manipulationcompanies Agriculturalauxiliarycompanies IT machinery ResearchCenters privateandpublic Collaborativework 6 2000 schallenges Activeagents FarmersandProductionCooperatives APIs TechnicalServices CertificationEntities Administration CommercializationCooperatives ManipulatingCooperativesandCompanies Exporters Traders TransportingCompaniesandDistributionCompanies Post production ResearchInstitutions Technologicalsolutionproviders 6 2000 schallenges FarmersandProductionCooperatives APIs FarmersaskfreelytoadopttheIPnormative RPIA AndalusianRegisterofIntegratedProduction GroupedinAPIs ClustersofIntegratedProduction 70APIs 3871farmers 11965HomogeneousProductionUnits Alone 7farmers 2008 09campaigndata MinistryofAgriculture 6 2000 schallenges FarmersandProductionCooperatives APIs Conditions RegisteredatRPIA Technicalservicevalidatedbytheadministration Activitiesnotebook s RegisteralltheactivitiesinTRIANA Weekreportaboutsanitaryconditionsandactions Annualplanning 6 2000 schallenges FarmersandProductionCooperatives APIs InformationTools Applications PRIM PRIM movil RPIA SIGPAC TRIANA Management Information RAIDSIFASAEPI 6 2000 schallenges 6 2000 schallenges SIG Pac 6 2000 schallenges TRIANA 6 2000 schallenges TRIANA 6 2000 schallenges TRIANA 6 2000 schallenges TRIANA 6 2000 schallenges RAID 6 2000 schallenges RAID 6 2000 schallenges RAID 6 2000 schallenges RAID 6 2000 schallenges 6 2000 schallenges ERPAgro 6 2000 schallenges ERPAgro 6 2000 schallenges ERPAgro 6 2000 schallenges ERPAgro 6 2000 schallenges Productinput Identificationinputnumbertoprinterautomata Printerautomataadheresthelabelwithinputlabertotheinputpallet Identificationoftheworkerthatismanipulatingboxes Eachboxreceivesalabelindicatingthecharacteristicsoftheproducts size color Theautomatareadstheselabelandaddresstheboxtothecorrespondingpalletarea Inputpalletnumberisread Automatasreceivethenumberofinputsetactive Readingboxinformationandaddressingtotheirpile ReadingoftheboxesincludedinthepalletOncefinishedapallet informationissendtocentralcomputer CERCO PalletisstrappedReadingofaboxtorecognizethepallet MABE Automaticprocessing 6 2000 schallenges Problems InternetMarkets 2010 Internetmarketing B2B B2P CooperativesOriginwholesalers Retailers HighqualityproducersDirectretailing 6 2000 schallenges Problems FoodintheInternetofthethings 2016 InternetofFoodandFarms Vegetables Fruits DevelopinganEuropeanrepository overFiware 6 2000 schallenges Collaborativeresearchbetweenlocalandforeigncompaniesunderaggregationofknowledgeforlocaluse 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel LasPalmerillas experimentalstation Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Biotechnology Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Consultancy Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Ecologicproduction Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Environmentalcontrolsystems Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Fertigationandwatertreatments Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Greenhousetechnology Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Machinery Serfruit Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Packaging Almafrut Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Plantnutritionandphytosanitary Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Plastics Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Postharvest Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Seedsandnurceries Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Othertechnologicalservices Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Substrates Setofcompanies meanlymediumsizetechnologicalcompaniesworkinginacollaborativeenvironment 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Morethan120companiescollaboratingandsharingresourcesandexperience Institutional 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example ICTtoolsforagricultureandtraceability 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Biotechnology BioestimulantsYieldincreasetofarmers producingmoreandincreasingtheirprofitability Thegreenrevolutionpromotedtheuseofhormonestoachievetheproductivitythattraditionalagriculturewasnotabletoreachcreatinganegativeimpactonhumanhealth Theobjectiveofthislineofresearchistomaintainthisproductivitybyprovidingstabilitytotheplantagainstanyexternalfactorusingnaturalsolutions 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Biotechnology BiopesticidesPioneersinbioprotection Offeringresidue freesolutionssothatproductivityisnotaffectedbypestsanddiseases Thedemandsonfarmershaveremainedthesamethroughouttime Yet theirneedshaveincreasedduetotheevolutionofpests buttheyhavefewerandfewertoolstodealwiththemduetotheregulatorypressureplacedonthemonbehalfofadministrationsandoflargedistributionchains whichtransferconsumers concernsonresidue freefoods ThebiggestEUprivateresearchcenteronbio pesticides 7 Technologydevelopmentmodel Example Biotechnology PrebioticsandprobioticsSoilsareasthestomachoftheplants Anemptysoilisasoilthatcannotprovidethenecessarynutrientsforaplanttobeproductive Intensivefarmingpracticesincludesoildisinfectionorabusivepracticesthatremovethebeneficialelementsthatsoilshold Thisproductsaimtoincreaselifeinthesoilthroughtheuseofprebioticsandprobioticstobringbackthebenefitsoftraditionalagricultureintermsoftaste aroma andnutritionalvalue Anotherattributeenhancedbyrepopulationofsoillifeisthechemo preventiveactionoffood StartingofhardconditionstheAlmeriaProvincewasabletogenerateendogenousdevelopment Differentchallengesalongthetimehavebeenovercomedduetotheuseoftechnology agricultural marketing machinery controlandICTalltogether Solutionshavebeenlocallydeveloped creatinganindustrialclusterrelatedwiththeagriculture TheInternetinterconnectedworldisincludedinthenewdevelopments beenintheedgeoftheagriculturalproduction Themodeloffersahighadaptability duetomultipleagents MainQuestion Localadaptabledevelopmenthasbeenpossibleduetotechnologicaladaptability allsortoftechnologies 8 Discussion Contact fbienven ual es ThankYou Questions 謝謝