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森林草莓醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因FvAATW2功能研究.pdf

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森林草莓醇酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶基因FvAATW2功能研究.pdf

<p>園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. Acta Horticulturae Sinica &nbsp; doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0085; http: /www. ahs. ac. cn &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 41 收稿日期 : 2017 06 04; 修回日期 : 2017 12 29 基金項(xiàng)目 : 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目( 31601714) ;北京市糧經(jīng)作物產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目( BAIC09-2018) &nbsp;* 通信作者 &nbsp;Author for correspondence( E-mail: zhytao1963126.com) &nbsp;森林草莓醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因 FvAATW2 功能研究 &nbsp;董 &nbsp;靜,王桂霞,鐘傳飛,常琳琳,孫 &nbsp;健,張宏力,孫 &nbsp;瑞,石 &nbsp;琨,隗永青,張運(yùn)濤*(北京市林業(yè)果樹(shù)科學(xué)研究院,北京市草莓工程技術(shù)研究中心,農(nóng)業(yè)部華北地區(qū)園藝作物生物學(xué)與種質(zhì)創(chuàng)制重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 100093) &nbsp;摘 &nbsp;要: 在從森林草莓( Fragaria vesca L.)成熟果實(shí)中克隆到醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因( FvAATW2)的基礎(chǔ)上, 構(gòu)建由 CaMV35S 啟動(dòng)子驅(qū)動(dòng)的植物正義表達(dá)載體 pBI121-FvAATW2, 在煙草 ( Nicotiana tabacum L.)和草莓( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Camarosa品種中過(guò)量表達(dá) FvAATW2,以研究其功能。采用農(nóng)桿菌介導(dǎo)的葉盤(pán)法轉(zhuǎn)化煙草和草莓;利用 PCR 和 Southern blot 篩選出轉(zhuǎn)基因株系;通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)定量 PCR 和測(cè)定 AAT 酶活性來(lái)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)基因植株中外源基因的表達(dá);利用 SPME/GC MS 方法檢測(cè)煙草葉片和草莓果實(shí)中的揮發(fā)性成分。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因煙草外源基因表達(dá)和早期葉片揮發(fā)性成分的檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,構(gòu)建的 FvAATW2表達(dá)載體功能正常,轉(zhuǎn)基因株系能夠在生長(zhǎng)早期合成酯類物質(zhì);通過(guò)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)基因草莓成熟果實(shí)的酯類成分發(fā)現(xiàn),與野生型對(duì)照相比,轉(zhuǎn)基因草莓果實(shí)中酯類占揮發(fā)物的總比例以及乙酸辛酯、己酸乙酯、己酸辛酯、辛酸乙酯等揮發(fā)酯的比例顯著提高,而丁酸甲酯的含量顯著降低,辛酸乙酯的含量顯著增加,說(shuō)明外源 FvAATW2 在草莓中能夠正常表達(dá)并影響果實(shí)酯類合成,從而通過(guò)改變揮發(fā)性酯類構(gòu)成使果實(shí)香氣變濃。 &nbsp;關(guān)鍵詞: 森林草莓;醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶;遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化;揮發(fā)性成分檢測(cè);實(shí)時(shí)定量 PCR 中圖分類號(hào): S 668.4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;文章編號(hào): 0513-353X( 2018) 01-0041-10 Studying Function of Alcohol Acyltransferase Gene FvAATW2 of Fragaria vesca by Over-expressing in Tobacco and Cultivated Strawberry DONG Jing, WANG Guixia, ZHONG Chuanfei, CHANG Linlin, SUN Jian, ZHANG Hongli, SUN Rui,SHI Kun, WEI Yongqing, and ZHANG Yuntao*( Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops( North China) , Ministry of Agriculture, P. &nbsp;R . &nbsp;Chi na,Beijing 100093, China) &nbsp;Abstract: FvAATW2 was an alcohol acyltransferase gene, cloned from Fragaria vesca L. fruits by RT-PCR. In this study, the sense plant expression vector pBI121-FvAATW2 driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was constructed through replacing GUS with FvAATW2, and then was used to genetically transform tobacco and a cultivated strawberry cultivar Camarosa , to study the function of FvAATW2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying pBI121-FvAATW2 was employed to &nbsp;Dong Jing, Wang Guixia, Zhong Chuanfei, Chang Linlin, Sun Jian, Zhang Hongli, Sun Rui, Shi Kun, Wei Yongqing, Zhang Yuntao. Studying function of alcohol acyltransferase gene fvaatw2 of Fragaria vesca by over-expressing in tobacco and cultivated strawberry. 42 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. infect leaf-discs in the genetic transformation. Transgenic lines were identified by both PCR and Southern blot. The expression of exogenous FvAATW2 in transgenic in vitro plants was studied using relative enzyme activity and real-time quantitative PCR. It was found that FvAATW2 expressed in all 6 tested tobacco lines and AAT activity values of 5 lines were higher than wild-type plants. Volatiles in leaves of the transgenic tobacco with the highest AAT activity were also detected by SPME/GC-MS at 10 12 leaves phase. Octyl propanoate was found in transgenic leaves, while not any ester captured in wild-type plants at the same phase. The results showed that pBI121-FvAATW2 functioned correctly and esters could be synthesized much earlier in transgenic tobacco than in wild-type one. Four strawberry transgenic lines were obtained after PCR and Southern blot operation. A transgenic line bearing more aromatic fruits was screened out and used for the volatiles detection. Through analyzing the ester composition of mature transgenic fruits, it was found that the proportion of esters in total volatiles and respective proportions of octyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, octyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate were higher significantly than those of wild-type fruits, while mass fraction of methyl butanoate decreased significantly and that of ethyl octanoate increased significantly. It was indicated that exogenous FvAATW2 expressed normally in cultivated strawberry and effected ester synthesis, and it could make fruit aroma intense by changing ester composition. Keywords: Fragaria vesca; alcohol acyltransferase; genetic transformation; volatile detection;real-time qPCR 酯類物質(zhì)在草莓香氣中起重要作用( Larsen &nbsp;Antalick et al., 2010) &nbsp;丁酸甲酯 &nbsp;Methyl butanoate 2.67 ± 1.07 0.35 ± 0.35 1.26 ± 0.14*0.14 ± 0.14 果味,甜味,菠蘿味,青味 Fruity, sweetish, pineapple,green( Ulrich et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) &nbsp;丁酸乙酯 &nbsp;Ethyl butanoate 0.64 ± 0.38 1.08 ± 0.26 0.57 ± 0.52 0.57 ± 0.28 成熟獼猴桃味,甜味,菠蘿味 Ripe kiwi, sweet, &nbsp;pineapple( Olbricht et al., 2008; Antalick, 2010) &nbsp;丁酸己酯 Hexyl butanoate 0.77 ± 0.18 1.15 ± 0.44 0.55 ± 0.21 0.69 ± 0.10 果味,杏子味 Fruity, apricot( Dong et al., 2013) &nbsp;丁酸辛酯 &nbsp;Octyl butanoate 0.27 ± 0.27 2.58 ± 1.16 0.05 ± 0.05 0.15 ± 0.05 青草味,橙子,歐芹,甜瓜味 Herbaceous, orange, &nbsp;parsley, melon(謝劍平, 2009) &nbsp;2甲基丁酸辛酯 &nbsp;Octyl-2methylbutanoate 0.70 ± 0.35 2.00 ± 0.79 0.09 ± 0.06 0.12 ± 0.03 3甲基丁酸辛酯 &nbsp;Octyl 3-methylbutanoate 1.05 ± 0.34 2.45 ± 1.05 0.09 ± 0.04 0.14 ± 0.05 己酸甲酯 &nbsp;Methyl hexanoate 4.09 ± 1.29 4.79 ± 1.53 3.10 ± 1.05 4.47 ± 0.67 果味,甜味,菠蘿味 Fruity, sweetish, pineapple ( Ulrich et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) &nbsp;己酸乙酯 &nbsp;Ethyl hexanoate 2.62 ± 0.23 9.48 ± 3.61*2.92 ± 1.74 7.46 ± 0.90 果味,菠蘿味,葡萄酒香氣 Fruity, pineapple, winy ( Sarrazin et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) &nbsp;己酸辛酯 Octyl hexanoate 0.08 ± 0.08 0.78 ± 0.78*0.02 ± 0.02 0.05 ± 0.05 &nbsp;辛酸甲酯 &nbsp;Methyl octanoate 0.35 ± 0.23 0.77 ± 0.31 0.40 ± 0.23 0.64 ± 0.15 葡萄酒香氣,果味,橙子 Winy, fruity, orange(謝劍平,2009; Antalick, 2010) &nbsp;辛酸乙酯 Ethyl octanoate 0.00 ± 0.00 1.35 ± 0.75* &nbsp;0.67 ± 0.33*果味,花香味,葡萄酒杏子味 Fruity, floral, wine &nbsp;apricot( Noguerol-Pato et al., 2009;謝劍平, 2009) &nbsp;總計(jì) Total 14.48 ± 0.43 65.73 ± 4.9*28.49 ± 10.49 39.00 ± 2.75 &nbsp;注: * 表示與野生型對(duì)照在 5%水平上差異顯著; *在 1%水平上差異顯著。 “”未檢出。 &nbsp;Note: * Means the difference was significant at 5% level compared with wild type control; * The difference was significant at 1%.“” Not detected. 3 &nbsp;討論 &nbsp;采用遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化方法進(jìn)行揮發(fā)性成分代謝相關(guān)基因的功能研究時(shí),常常需要考慮供轉(zhuǎn)化植株體內(nèi)是否含有可供利用的底物、底物與基因表達(dá)生成的酶在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的分布區(qū)域是否一致、生成的產(chǎn)物是否具有揮發(fā)性等因素。已報(bào)道過(guò)的用于香氣基因轉(zhuǎn)化的試材主要包括矮牽牛、煙草和番茄等,結(jié)果也不盡相同。 Lucker 等( 2001)將 Clarkia breweri 的 S-檸檬烯合成基因 lis 在矮牽牛中過(guò)量表達(dá),雖然轉(zhuǎn)基因植株顯著增加了非揮發(fā)性芳樟醇的積累,但并沒(méi)有將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閾]發(fā)性芳樟醇。 Guterman等( 2006)在矮牽牛中過(guò)量表達(dá)玫瑰醇乙?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因 RhAAT,使轉(zhuǎn)基因植株產(chǎn)生了 2 種新酯:乙酸苯乙酯和乙酸苯甲酯,并改變了其香氣。 Beekwilder 等( 2004)也嘗試?yán)貌葺?SAAT 轉(zhuǎn)化矮牽牛,卻沒(méi)有成功,不僅轉(zhuǎn)基因植株中沒(méi)有檢測(cè)到新酯類物質(zhì),而原有的苯甲酸苯甲酯含量也沒(méi)有得到提高,通過(guò)葉片飼喂外源醇發(fā)現(xiàn),這可能是由于矮牽牛體內(nèi)不存在 SAAT 可利用的醇類底物或底物含量少造成的。而李大鵬( 2005)利用蘋(píng)果 MdAAT2 轉(zhuǎn)化煙草,進(jìn)行過(guò)量表達(dá),引起轉(zhuǎn)基因植株葉片中的揮發(fā)性酯類構(gòu)成發(fā)生變化,既增加了已有酯的含量水平,又生成了新的酯類,但在番茄中進(jìn)行 MdAAT2 果實(shí)特異性表達(dá)時(shí)卻沒(méi)有檢測(cè)到酯類的變化,經(jīng)推測(cè)這可能是因?yàn)樯傻?MdAAT2董 &nbsp; 靜,王桂霞,鐘傳飛,常琳琳,孫 &nbsp; 健,張宏力,孫 &nbsp; 瑞,石 &nbsp; 琨,隗永青,張運(yùn)濤 . 森林草莓醇?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因 FvAATW2 功能研究 . 園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;49 酶與底物在細(xì)胞內(nèi)分布于不同的區(qū)域造成的。 &nbsp;本研究中借鑒以上研究結(jié)果,采用過(guò)量表達(dá)的方式,利用煙草和草莓栽培品種開(kāi)展野生森林草莓 FvAATW2 的功能研究,結(jié)果證明,這兩種供試材料用于 AAT 功能研究各有優(yōu)勢(shì)。煙草葉片中存在可供草莓 AAT 酶催化合成酯類所需的底物,和草莓遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化相比,轉(zhuǎn)化煙草周期較短,也更容易進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)基因操作,即使在植株生長(zhǎng)早期( 10 12 葉) ,也能在轉(zhuǎn)基因葉片中檢測(cè)到新生成的酯,這有利于加快基因功能研究的進(jìn)程;而利用近緣種來(lái)研究基因功能,能提供與原生種更接近的體內(nèi)代謝環(huán)境,由于用于檢測(cè)的也是成熟果實(shí),這使得研究結(jié)果更具有說(shuō)服力,另外,還有助于篩選合適的研究對(duì)象用于后續(xù)研究。 &nbsp;草莓的香氣與酯類構(gòu)成有關(guān) ( Dong et al., 2013) 。 有研究者利用 RNAi 技術(shù)下調(diào)了 Royal Gala蘋(píng)果 AAT1 表達(dá),使轉(zhuǎn)基因株系成熟果實(shí)的酯類總含量顯著下降,香氣明顯減弱( Souleyre et al.,2014)。本研究中,在相同的栽培條件下,轉(zhuǎn)入 FvAATW2 使草莓栽培品種 Camarosa果實(shí)的酯類構(gòu)成發(fā)生了改變,新生成辛酸乙酯,已有的 4 種酯比例或 /和含量提高,而另外 1 種酯則下降;轉(zhuǎn)基因果實(shí)中比例和含量提高幅度較大的有乙酸辛酯、己酸乙酯、己酸辛酯、辛酸乙酯等,這些酯類成分多數(shù)都具有令人愉快的花香味和果香味,它們?cè)诳倱]發(fā)物中所占比例的提高,可能是轉(zhuǎn)基因果實(shí)香氣變濃的一個(gè)重要原因。 &nbsp;References Antalick G, Perello M, Revel G. 2010. Development, validation and application of a specific method for the quantitative determination of wine esters by headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 121: 1236 1245. Beekwilder J, Alvarez-huerta M, Neef E, Verstappen F W A, Bouwmeester H J, Aharoni A. 2004. Functional characterization of enzymes forming volatile esters from strawberry and banana. Plant Physiology, 135: 1865 1878. Bianchi G, Lovazzano A, Lanubile A, Marocco A. 2014. Aroma quality of fruits of wild and cultivated strawberry( Fragaria spp.) in relation to the flavor-related gene expression. Journal of Horticultural Research, 22 (1): 77 84. Dong J, Zhang Y T, Tang X W, Jin W M, Han Z H. 2013. Differences in volatile ester composition between Fragaria × ananassa and F. &nbsp;v es ca &nbsp;and implications for strawberry aroma patterns, Scientia Horticulturae, 150: 47 53. &nbsp;Dong Jing, Zhang Yun-tao, Wang Gui-xia, Zhong Chuan-fei, Wang Li-na, Chang Lin-lin. 2014. 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