江蘇省不同區(qū)域草莓連作土壤養(yǎng)分及微生物區(qū)系分析.pdf
果樹學(xué)報 Journal of Fruit Science ISSN 1009-9980,CN 41-1308/S 果樹學(xué)報網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)論文 題目: 江蘇省不同區(qū)域草莓連作土壤養(yǎng)分及微生物區(qū)系分析 作者: 王廷峰,趙密珍,關(guān)玲,趙帆,于紅梅,龐夫花 DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180273 收稿日期: 2018-07-17 網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)日期: 2018-11-19 引用格式: 王廷峰,趙密珍,關(guān)玲,趙帆,于紅梅,龐夫花江蘇省不同區(qū)域草莓連作土壤養(yǎng)分及微生物區(qū)系分析J/OL果樹學(xué)報. https:/doi.org/10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180273 網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā):在編輯部工作流程中,稿件從錄用到出版要經(jīng)歷錄用定稿、排版定稿、整期匯編定稿等階段。錄用定稿指內(nèi)容已經(jīng)確定,且通過同行評議、主編終審?fù)饪玫母寮?。排版定稿指錄用定稿按照期刊特定版式(包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn)版式)排版后的稿件,可暫不確定出版年、卷、期和頁碼。整期匯編定稿指出版年、卷、期、頁碼均已確定的印刷或數(shù)字出版的整期匯編稿件。錄用定稿網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)稿件內(nèi)容必須符合出版管理條例和期刊出版管理規(guī)定的有關(guān)規(guī)定;學(xué)術(shù)研究成果具有創(chuàng)新性、科學(xué)性和先進(jìn)性,符合編輯部對刊文的錄用要求,不存在學(xué)術(shù)不端行為及其他侵權(quán)行為;稿件內(nèi)容應(yīng)基本符合國家有關(guān)書刊編輯、出版的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),正確使用和統(tǒng)一規(guī)范語言文字、符號、數(shù)字、外文字母、法定計量單位及地圖標(biāo)注等。為確保錄用定稿網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)的嚴(yán)肅性,錄用定稿一經(jīng)發(fā)布,不得修改論文題目、作者、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱和學(xué)術(shù)內(nèi)容,只可基于編輯規(guī)范進(jìn)行少量文字的修改。 出版確認(rèn):紙質(zhì)期刊編輯部通過與中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊(光盤版)電子雜志社有限公司簽約,在中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊(網(wǎng)絡(luò)版)出版?zhèn)鞑テ脚_上創(chuàng)辦與紙質(zhì)期刊內(nèi)容一致的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版,以單篇或整期出版形式,在印刷出版之前刊發(fā)論文的錄用定稿、排版定稿、整期匯編定稿。因為中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊(網(wǎng)絡(luò)版)是國家新聞出版廣電總局批準(zhǔn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連續(xù)型出版物(ISSN 2096-4188,CN 11-6037/Z),所以簽約期刊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)論文視為正式出版。 DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20180273 江蘇省不同區(qū)域草莓連作土壤養(yǎng)分及微生物區(qū)系分析1王廷峰1,2,趙密珍1*,關(guān) 玲1,趙 帆1,于紅梅1,龐夫花1(1江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院果樹研究所 /江蘇省高效園藝作物遺傳改良重點實驗室,南京 210014; 2南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝學(xué)院,南京 210095) 摘要 : 【 目的 】探究不同區(qū)域草莓連作障礙的發(fā)生原因。 【 方法 】用典型調(diào)查法調(diào)查并統(tǒng)計江蘇省邳州港上鎮(zhèn)、東海石榴鎮(zhèn)和溧水白馬鎮(zhèn)草莓連作土壤的養(yǎng)分含量及微生物區(qū)系,并采集當(dāng)?shù)剡B作土與非連作土盆栽草莓,觀察植株莖粗、鮮質(zhì)量、株高、根長和根質(zhì)量的生長狀況。 【 結(jié)果 】港上鎮(zhèn)和石榴鎮(zhèn)的草莓連作土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和堿解氮含量缺乏;港上鎮(zhèn) 010 cm 土層的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),有效鈣、鎂、鐵和硼含量比 1020 cm 土層低 10.50%54.65%,根際土壤養(yǎng)分流失嚴(yán)重;港上鎮(zhèn)土壤有效錳含量缺乏,白馬鎮(zhèn)的土壤硼含量很缺乏;港上鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的草莓連作土壤已發(fā)生輕度鹽漬化,石榴鎮(zhèn)土壤已發(fā)生中度鹽漬化;各地連作土壤微生物均以細(xì)菌為主,真菌的數(shù)量最低;連作會給植株莖粗、鮮質(zhì)量、株高、根質(zhì)量和根長帶來顯著的負(fù)影響。 【 結(jié)論 】草莓連作會使土壤理化性質(zhì)改變、養(yǎng)分失衡以及微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)失衡,影響植株生長。生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)盡可能采取措施避免連作,并及時對連作土壤進(jìn)行修復(fù)改良。 關(guān)鍵詞 :草莓;連作;土壤微生物;土壤養(yǎng)分 中圖分類號: S668.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號: 1009-9980(2019)01-0001-08 Analysis of nutrients content and microbial flora in the continuous cropping soil of strawberry in different regions of Jiangsu province WANG Tingfeng1,2, ZHAO Mizhen1*, GUAN Ling1, ZHAO Fan1, YU Hongmei1, PANG Fuhua1 (1Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China; 2College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China) Abstract: 【 Objective】 In recent years, different levels of continuous cropping obstacles have occurred in the strawberry production of China. Continuous cropping could reduce the content of soil organic matter, and the gap in the abundance of trace elements could be widened. The proportion of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the soil could become unbalanced. As a result, strawberry plants will be susceptible to pests and diseases, making huge losses for strawberry producers. In our study, the strawberry continuous cropping soil was collected from Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town, which are the main strawberry producing areas in Jiangsu Province. By investigating the nutrient contents and microflora status of continuous cropping soils in these area among different soil layers, we plan to analyze the effect of continuous cropping on strawberry plants, and to discover the mechanism and corresponding improvement methods of continuous cropping obstacles, in order to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in strawberry. 【 Method】 Soil samples were collected from strawberry greenhouses in Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town in Jiangsu Province at the end 收稿日期: 2018-07-17 接受日期: 2018-10-10 1基金項目:江蘇省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)研究開發(fā)示范類項目( BE2016369) ;江蘇省三新工程(編號: SXGC2017261) 作者介紹:王廷峰,男,在讀碩士研究生,研究方向:果樹生理栽培, E-mail: 2017804173njau.edu.cn *通信作者 Author for correspondence. E-mail: njzhaomz163.com 網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)時間:2018-11-19 17:00:35網(wǎng)絡(luò)首發(fā)地址:http:/kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/41.1308.S.20181116.1146.006.htmlof May 2016, and these areas have been continuously cropping strawberries for more than seven years. The greenhouses at different locations in the strawberry base in each region were used as three replicate experiments, and the soil of 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, and 20 to 30 cm were collected using a five-point sampling method. The soil samples were divided into two equal parts, one of which was used to detect soil microorganisms, and the other was used to determine soil physical and chemical properties. On September 5th of the same year, 20 strawberry plants were planted in continuous cropping soil in each area in a potted manner, and the non-continuous cropping soil in the same area was used as an experimental control. On the 57th day after planting (November 1st), the status of plant growth was investigated. 【 Result】 The organic matter content (g·kg-1) of surface soil (0 to 20 cm) in Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town was 18.40±5.42, 18.26±1.28, and 28.63±8.04, respectively, and the content of organic matter in Gangshang Town and Shiliu Town is lacking. As the depth of soil increases, the soil organic matter content in Shiliu Town and Baima Town showed a decreasing trend, while the content of soil organic matter in Gangshang Town increased first and then decreased. The content of available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) in the surface of Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town was 75.37±1.24, 81.25±3.09, and 113.75±14.21, respectively, the content of available nitrogen in Gangshang Town and Shiliu Town is relatively lacking, and the content of available nitrogen in Baima Town is moderate. The available soil nitrogen in the three regions was mainly concentrated in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer, and the available nitrogen content in the deep soil layer decreased by 33%-45%. The available manganese content (mg·kg-1) in the surface of Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town was 3.76±0.56, 44.15±3.20, and 13.06±0.85, respectively, and the abundances were respectively lacking, abundant, and moderate. The boron concentration (mg·kg-1) in continuous cropping soil in Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town, and Baima Town was 0.63±0.27, 0.51±0.03 and 0.25±0.03, respectively. The soil boron content was moderate in Gangshang Town and Shiliu Town, but lacking in Baima Town. The content of available potassium, available phosphorus, available magnesium, available iron and available zinc are very high in the three regions. According to the measured soil electrical conductivity (EC), the continuous cropping soil in Gangshang Town and Baima Town had mild salinization, and the soil in Shiliu Town had moderate salinization. According to the measured soil pH, the soil in Gangshang Town and Shiliu Town belonged to the neutral soil, while Baima Town soil belongs to the slightly alkaline soil. As the depth of soil increases, the abundance of soil actinomycetes in Gangshang Town, Shiliu Town and Baima Town showed a decreasing trend; the abundance of soil bacteria in Gangshang Town and Shiliu Town tends to decrease as the soil depth deepens, while that in Baima Town increases; interestingly, with the deepening of the soil, the abundance of fungi in Gangshang Town first decreased and then increased, the Shiliu Town showed a decreasing trend, while Baima Town showed an increasing trend. Continuous cropping will have a significant adverse effect on plant stem diameter, fresh plant weight, plant height, root weight and root length. However, by some means, this situation can be effectively improved. 【 Conclusion】 Strawberry Continuous cropping will result in the loss of soil nutrients and the imbalance of microbial community structure, which will have a significant impact on production. As far as possible, continuous cropping should be avoided in the production, and we should improve the continuous cropping soil in time. Key words: Strawberry; Continuous cropping; Soil microorganism; Soil nutrients 草莓( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)屬薔薇科( Rosaceae)多年生草本植物,其果實酸甜可口、營養(yǎng)豐富,深受人們喜愛。江蘇省是我國草莓的主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,其栽培面積和產(chǎn)量均居國內(nèi)前列。近年來,由于可利用土地緊缺、園藝設(shè)施搬動成本高,江蘇各地的草莓生產(chǎn)均發(fā)生了不同程度的連作障礙1。研究表明,隨著連作年限的增加,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量逐漸下降,微量元素豐缺差距逐漸擴(kuò)大,土壤中的細(xì)菌、真菌和放線菌比例逐漸失衡2-3。土壤養(yǎng)分的缺失和根際微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞使草莓植株易受病蟲害侵染,植株長勢和抗病力逐年變?nèi)?,甚至出現(xiàn)整株死亡的現(xiàn)象,使草莓生產(chǎn)損失巨大4-5。連作障礙已成為阻滯農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要因素之一6。 土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)主要來源于土壤中的動物、植物和微生物殘體,是植物攝取養(yǎng)分的主要來源之一,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高低可以決定土壤的理化性質(zhì),在一定范圍內(nèi)與土壤肥力呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系7。土壤微生物也是植株正常生長不可或缺的環(huán)境組份,在土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)中起到關(guān)鍵作用,微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)中有益菌和有害菌的比例影響著植株根系吸收養(yǎng)分和抵御疾病的能力8-9。筆者采集江蘇草莓主產(chǎn)區(qū)的邳州港上鎮(zhèn)、東海石榴鎮(zhèn)和溧水白馬鎮(zhèn)的草莓連作土壤,分析各地區(qū)不同深度連作土的養(yǎng)分含量和微生物區(qū)系狀況,并結(jié)合土壤理化性質(zhì)分析連作土對草莓植株的影響,以明確草莓連作障礙的形成機(jī)理和改善措施,為克服江蘇乃至華東地區(qū)草莓連作障礙提供理論依據(jù)。 1 材料和方法 1.1 土壤材料 土壤樣品于 2016 年 5 月底采于江蘇省邳州港上鎮(zhèn)、東海石榴鎮(zhèn)和溧水白馬鎮(zhèn)的草莓連作大棚,其中港上鎮(zhèn)連作 7 a(年) ,前茬品種為甜查理 ,栽前土壤進(jìn)行太陽能悶棚,石榴鎮(zhèn)連作 9 a,前茬品種為紅頰 ,栽前土壤進(jìn)行太陽能悶棚,白馬鎮(zhèn)連作 8 a,前茬品種為寧玉 ,栽前土壤進(jìn)行有機(jī)質(zhì) +石灰氮結(jié)合太陽能悶棚。設(shè)置各地區(qū) 3 個不同位置的草莓連作大棚為實驗重復(fù),每個連作棚按照“ S”型均勻布置 5 個點采集土樣,每個取樣點按照土層深度 010 cm、 1020 cm 和 2030 cm 采集土壤。將各地區(qū)不同土層土分別混合用于當(dāng)年 9 月初的盆栽試驗,剩余土壤分成兩份,其中一份用以分析土壤微生物區(qū)系( 4 保存) ,另一份自然風(fēng)干后研磨,過 0.8 mm 尼龍篩,取 100 g 篩后樣品再次研磨后過 0.16 mm 尼龍篩,收集篩后樣品用以測定土壤理化性質(zhì)。取各點相鄰的露地小麥田土壤為盆栽試驗的對照 ( CK)。 1.2 盆栽試驗 同年 9 月 5 日,各處理定植草莓品種寧玉 20 株( 1 株 /盆) ,在定植后的第 57 天( 11 月 1 日) ,調(diào)查植株莖粗、鮮質(zhì)量、株高、根長和根質(zhì)量等生長指標(biāo)。 1.3 測定方法 采用常規(guī)方法測定土壤養(yǎng)分含量10、 pH 值和 EC 值11;使用常規(guī)方法培養(yǎng)并計數(shù)土壤微生物數(shù)量12。 1.4 土壤 pH 值、EC 值及養(yǎng)分分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 土壤 pH 值分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考美國土壤調(diào)查手冊13,土壤 EC 值的分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考張鶴航等14的研究結(jié)果,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、大量和微量元素的養(yǎng)分分級指標(biāo)參考中國第二次土壤普查推薦的養(yǎng)分分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15,其中有效鈣和有效鎂含量分級指標(biāo)參考章永松等16的研究結(jié)果,各養(yǎng)分分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見表 1。 1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理 使用 SPSS 17.0 軟件對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行多重比較( LSD 法) 、相關(guān)性分析( Pearson 法)和差異顯著性檢驗。 表 1 土壤養(yǎng)分含量分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Table 1 Classification standard of soil nutrient content 豐 缺程度 Abundance 有機(jī)質(zhì) Organic matter /(g·kg-1) 堿解氮 Available N /(mg·kg-1) 速效鉀 Available K /(mg·kg-1) 速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg-1)有效鐵 Available Fe /(mg·kg-1)有效錳 Available Mn /(mg·kg-1)有效鋅 Available Zn /(mg·kg-1)硼 Boron /(mg·kg-1) 有效鈣 Available Ca /(g·kg-1) 有效鎂 Available Mg /(mg·kg-1)極缺乏 Extremely lacking 1.2 >180 很豐富 Very rich >40 >150 >200 >40 >20 >30 >3.0 >2.0 2 結(jié)果與分析 2.1 連作土壤的理化性質(zhì) 港上鎮(zhèn)、石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的表層土壤( 020 cm)有機(jī)質(zhì)含量(表 2)分別為 18.40±5.42 g·kg-1(豐缺程度屬缺乏) 、 18.26±1.28 g·kg-1(缺乏)和 28.63±8.04 g·kg-1(適中) 。隨著土層深度的增加,石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈減少趨勢,而港上鎮(zhèn)的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量則呈先增后減趨勢(圖 1) ;港上鎮(zhèn)、石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的表層土壤堿解氮含量分別為 75.37±1.24 mg·kg-1(缺乏) 、 81.25±3.09 mg·kg-1(缺乏)和 113.75±14.21 mg·kg-1(適中) , 3 個地區(qū)的土壤堿解氮都主要集中在 020 cm 土層,深土層的堿解氮含量減少了 33%45%。港上鎮(zhèn)、石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的表層土壤有效錳含量分別為 3.76±0.56 mg·kg-1(缺乏) 、 44.15±3.20 mg·kg-1(很豐富) 和 13.06±0.85 mg·kg-1(適中) ; 港上鎮(zhèn)、 石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的表層連作土壤硼含量分別為 0.63±0.27 mg·kg-1(適中)、 0.51±0.03 mg·kg-1(適中)、 0.25±0.03 mg·kg-1(很缺乏);港上鎮(zhèn)、石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的表層連作土壤有效鈣含量分別為 1.88±0.21 g·kg-1(豐富)、 0.97±0.03 g·kg-1(豐富)、 2.15±0.11 g·kg-1(適中);三個地區(qū)連作土的表層土壤有效鎂含量都較豐富,有效鐵、速效磷、速效鉀和有效鋅含量都很豐富;根據(jù)所測土壤 EC 值,港上鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的連作土壤有輕度鹽漬化( 0.550.90 mS·cm-1),石榴鎮(zhèn)土壤有中度鹽漬化( 0.901.80 mS·cm-1);根據(jù)所測土壤 pH 值,港上鎮(zhèn)和石榴鎮(zhèn)的土壤屬于中性土壤( 6.67.3),而白馬鎮(zhèn)土壤屬于微堿性土壤( 7.37.8)。 圖 1 各地區(qū)不同深度草莓連作土層的養(yǎng)分含量變化 Fig.1 Nutrient Content changes of continuous cropping soil among various depth in different strawberry production areas 2.2 各地區(qū)連作土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu) 由表 3 可知,各地區(qū)連作土的微生物都以細(xì)菌為主,真菌的數(shù)量最低。隨著土層深度的增加,港上鎮(zhèn)、石榴鎮(zhèn)和白馬鎮(zhèn)的土壤放線菌數(shù)量都呈減少趨勢;港上鎮(zhèn)和石榴鎮(zhèn)的土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量呈減少趨勢,白馬鎮(zhèn)則呈增加趨勢;港上鎮(zhèn)的真菌數(shù)量呈先降后增趨勢,石榴鎮(zhèn)呈降低趨勢,而白馬鎮(zhèn)呈增高趨勢。 表 3 三個地區(qū)草莓連作土壤的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu) Table 3 Microbial community structure of continuous cropping soil in three areas 地區(qū) Areas 土層 Soil layer/cm 真菌 Fungi/(103CFU·g-1) 放線菌 Actinomycetes/(105CFU·g-1) 細(xì)菌 Bacteria/(106CFU·g-1)邳州港上鎮(zhèn) Gangshang, Pizhou 010 4.65±0.84 c 6.07±0.17 de 2.56±0.59 bc 1020 3.97±0.51 d 6.63±0.17 de 3.43±0.42 ab 2030 5.25±0.18 c 2.56±0.17 f 1.90±0.17 c 東海石榴鎮(zhèn) Shiliu, Donghai 010 10.12±0.84 ab 26.19±3.37 a 2.74±0.17 bc 1020 12.17±1.87 a 13.26±1.70 c 2.39±0.30 bc 2030 9.17±0.50 b 8.81±1.68 d 1.67±0.33 d 溧水白馬鎮(zhèn) Baima, Lishui 010 6.75±0.68 c 22.17±0.34 b 3.25±0.51 abc 1020 6.05±1.57 c 7.90±1.40 de 2.60±0.87 bc 2030 10.38±0.53 ab 4.88±0.53 e 4.13±1.24 a 2.3 土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與土壤理化性質(zhì)的相關(guān)性分析 三個地區(qū)的連作土壤中,細(xì)菌數(shù)量與土壤有效鈣和有效鎂含量呈顯著正相關(guān)(表 4) ;真菌數(shù)量與土壤有效鐵、有效錳含量和土壤 EC 值呈顯著正相關(guān),與土壤有效鋅、速效鉀和速效磷含量呈極顯著正相關(guān);放線菌數(shù)量與土壤有效鈣含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與土壤有效鐵和有效錳含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與土壤有效鋅、速效磷含量和土壤 EC 值呈顯著正相關(guān),與土壤有效鎂含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。 表 4 土壤微生物數(shù)量與土壤理化性質(zhì)的相關(guān)性分析#Table 4 Correlation between soil microorganisms and soil physical and chemical properties 菌 種 Strains 有效鈣 Available Ca 有效鎂 Available Mg 有效鐵 Available Fe 有效錳Available Mn 有效鋅 Available Zn 硼 Boron 有機(jī)質(zhì)Organic matter 堿解氮 Available N 速效鉀 Available K 速效磷 Available P pH EC 細(xì) 菌 Bacteria 0.475*0.586*-0.043 -0.178 -0.249 -0.064 0.432 0.464 0.087 -0.224 0.467 -0.195真 菌 Fungi -0.392 -0.125 0.508* 0.488* 0.759* -0.230 0.180 0.317 0.699* 0.794* 0.444 0.545*放 線菌 Actinomycetes -0.702*-0.561*0.708* 0.713* 0.491* 0.039 -0.310 -0.231 0.340 0.568* 0.395 0.549*#注:表中數(shù)據(jù)為相關(guān)性系數(shù),正負(fù)符號分別代表正相關(guān)與負(fù)相關(guān),* 表示顯著相關(guān),* 表示極顯著相關(guān)。 Note: The data in the table are correlation coefficients, positive and adverse represent positive correlation and adverse correlation. respectively. * represents significant correlation, and * represents extremely significant correlation. 表 2 三個地區(qū) 020cm 土層土壤的平均養(yǎng)分含量 Table 2 The average nutrient content of soil in 020cm soil layers in three regions 地 區(qū) Areas 有效鈣 Available Ca/(g·kg-1) 有效鎂 Available Mg/(mg·kg-1) 有效鐵 Available Fe/(mg·kg-1) 有效錳 Available Mn/(mg·kg-1)有效鋅 Available Zn/(mg·kg-1) 硼 Boron/ (mg·kg-1) 有機(jī)質(zhì) Organic matter/(g·kg-1)堿解氮 Available N/(mg·kg-1) 速效鉀 Available K/(mg·kg-1) 速效磷 Available P/(mg·kg-1) pH EC /(mS·cm-1) 邳州港上鎮(zhèn) Gangshang, Pizhou 1.88±0.21 b 345.97±22.45 b 35.18±4.51 b 3.76±0.56 c 3.79±0.50 c 0.63±0.27 a 18.40±5.42 b 75.37±1.24 b 272.92±13.12 b 88.22±6.37 c 6.97±0.11 c 0.87±0.18 b 東海石榴鎮(zhèn) Shiliu, Donghai 0.97±0.03 c 240.61±4.06 c 51.70±3.51 a 44.15±3.20 a 12.19±0.44 a 0.51±0.03 a 18.26±1.28 b 81.25±3.09 b 404.82±42.61 a 258.34±14.21 a 7.28±0.05 b 1.24±0.11 a 溧水白馬鎮(zhèn) Baima, Lishui 2.15±0.11 a 529.21±19.36 a 32.64±5.09 b 13.06±0.85 b 4.96±0.56 b 0.25±0.03 b 28.63±8.04 a 113.75±14.21 a 424.35±133.34 a 124.55±20.23 b 7.50±0.04 a 0.68±0.26 b 注:表中數(shù)據(jù)為平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,不同小寫字母表示同列數(shù)據(jù)在 P<0.05 顯著差異。下同。 Note: The data in the table is the mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate that the same column of data is significantly different at P<0.05. Same as below. 表 5 三個地區(qū)草莓植株在連作土與對照中的生長狀況&Table 5 Growth status of strawberry plants cultivated in continuous cropping soil and control soil in three regions 地區(qū) Areas 連作植株的 相對死亡率 Relative mortality of continuous cropping/% 莖粗 Stem diameter/mm 植株鮮重 Plant fresh weight/g 株高 Plant height/cm 根重 Root weight/g 根長 Root length/cm 連作 Continuous cropping 對照 Control 連作 Continuous cropping 對照 Control 連作 Continuous cropping 對照 Control 連作 Continuous cropping 對照 Control 連作 Continuous cropping 對照 Control 邳州港上鎮(zhèn) Gangshang, Pizhou 20 8.04±2.03 9.79±1.70 8.50±2.75 12.77±2.87 9.17±2.36 10.33±2.08 3.33±0.91 5.17±1.60 9.17±1.04* 12.33±0.58 東海石榴鎮(zhèn) Shiliu, Donghai 30 6.05±1.18* 9.30±1.44 7.77±2.05* 18.67±1.00 8.63±1.31* 11.00±1.00 3.80±1.18* 8.50±2.89 9.47±0.50* 15.83±1.26 溧水白馬鎮(zhèn) Baima, Lishui 1 7.78±0.62 8.45±1.38 9.57±0.85 10.47±4.19 9.33±1.53 11.00±1.00 3.50±0.56 3.77±1.15 10.67±2.08 9.33±1.76 &注:* 表示同一地區(qū)的連作土植株與對照植株在 P<0.05 水平上差異顯著。為方便比較,定義連作土處理與對照處理的植株死亡率之差為 連作植株的相對死亡率。 Note: * Indicates that the continuous cropping soil and control plants in the same region showed significant differences at the P<0.05 level, respectively. For convenience, the difference between the mortality rates of the continuous cropping and the control treatments was defined as the relative mortality of continuous cropping.2.4 各地區(qū)連作土對植株的影響 三個地區(qū)連作土植株的死亡率均高于對照, 石榴鎮(zhèn)的相對死亡率最高為 30%, 白馬鎮(zhèn)的相對死亡率較低,僅為 1%(表 5) ;三個地區(qū)的連作土對植株生長都有抑制作用,經(jīng)顯著性差異分析,石榴鎮(zhèn)連作土植株的莖粗、植株鮮重、株高、根重和根長都與對照植株在 p <0.05 水平上顯著減少了 21.55%58.38%;港上鎮(zhèn)的連作土植株除根長與對照差異顯著外,其余指標(biāo)均顯示差異不顯著;白馬鎮(zhèn)的所有指標(biāo)