Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus andOrganic Substrate on the Molecular Diversity ofMicrobes in Sweet Pepper Rhizosphere underProtected CultivationChaoxing HE*, Linchuang WANG, Zhibin ZHANGInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSupported by the National Key Technology RTechnically Assisted by the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Genetic Improvement of theMinistry of Agriculture.*Corresponding author. E-mail: hechaoxing126.comReceived: December 12, 2011 Accepted: April 8, 2012AAgricultural Science Organic soil substrate; Denaturing gradientgel electrophoresis; Microbial diversity; Sweet pepperSoil microorganisms are the keycomponent of soil. Act as thepromoters in transformationand recycling of soil organic mattersand energy, soil microorganisms areinvolved in the decomposition of soilorganic matters, the formation of soilhumus and recycling soil nutrients.The structure and activities of soil mi-crobiota not only determine the fertilityand quality of soil, but also link to theproductivities of plants growing onthem1. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophore-sis (PCR-DGGE) is a novel molecularmethod provides faster and more ac-curate analysis and comparison of mi-crobiota variation than the convention-al plate culture method2. DGGE tech-nique can effectively separate DNAsequences with the same molecularweight but different base sequences.Researchers have investigated thestructure of soil microbiota using PCR-DGGE, for example, some studieshave been taken to understand theenvironmental, spatial and temporalvariation of bacterial populations3.Protected vegetable cultivationand production has recently gainedrapid progress in China which stronglyguarantees the year-round vegetableprovidence. However, the protectedvegetable cultivation in China is facingsome constraints which affect the sus-tainable development of the industry,such as the low productivity, con-straints caused by the continuouscropping, imbalance in soil microbiota,soil secondary salinization, etc. Duringthe previous years, the application ofsome organic cultivation techniques inprotected vegetable production inte-grated with the straw and manure re-turning into the field. With these tech-niques, problems in protected cultiva-tion, e.g. soil crust, frequent epidemicof soil-borne diseases, continuouscropping constraints and undergroundwater pollution, are partly solved. Fur-thermore, these techniques can alsoimprove the quality of vegetables andsave the cost of production4. Othertechniques, such as inoculating veg-etable seedlings with some beneficialsymbiotic microorganism, integratedwith the organic protected cultivation,can increase the vegetable productivi-ty,improve the quality of the agro-products, and decrease the input offertilizers and chemicals. Consequent-ly, they show their significance in envi-ronmental protection and improvementof economic value5. On this basis, thisstudy was designed to elucidate theeffects of these new techniques on thediversity of soil microbiota. The currentstudy was to investigate the moleculardiversity of soil microbiota in the sweetpepper following different soil treat-ments of arbuscular mycorrhizal fun-gus inoculation (untreated soil as thecontrol). The results were used to un-derstand the variation of microbialstructure after application of organicmatters and arbuscular mycorrhizafungus.DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2012.05.042AgriculturalScience however the number of clonesobtained was notably changed. Thetreatments also changed the structureof bacterial population with somespecies absent or present in compari-son with the control. In the organic soil,there appeared to be more not closelyrelated bacterial populations than thecontrol soil. It also favored the growthand reproduction of some dominantspecies. Such results might be due tothe fact that organic soil had improvedsoil quality, and high organic mattercontent and humus, which provided afavorable condition for the growth ofmicroorganisms. Treatments with fun-gal inoculation caused the increase ofbacterial species; among them weresome new species. Some specieswere disappeared in those treatmentsand the abundance of some universalbacteria was increased. Suggestedfrom the previous reports, such varia-tion might be related to the interactionsof arhusclar mycorrhiza on host plantsfor plant growth and disease resis-tance, e.g. the increase and abun-dance of some effective microorgan-isms11,13,24,25,27,28, the decrease and ab-senceofsomepathogenicbacteria15-20.Judged from the similarity analysis, itwas concluded that the soil type hadmore influence on the diversity of rhi-zosphere microbiota than G.M inocu-lation, and the control soil with G.M in-oculation had stronger effect on the di-versity variation than the organic soil.Some consistent changes in microbialpopulations occurred for both types ofsoil after G.M fungi inoculation and thesimilarity of soil microbiota of two soiltypes was increased.Comprehensively, from theDGGE analysis on the rhizospheremicrobiota diversity in soils from differ-ent treatments, the bacterial diversityand population structure was affectedby organic soil cultivation andarhusclar mycorrhiza fungi inoculationwith some bacterial species were in-creased or decreased or their abun-dance changed. Further studies werestill needed to clarify the specific bac-terial species significantly influencedand their effects on crop yield. Suchstudies would be helpful in the de-velopment and utilization of some1025AgriculturalScience&TechnologyAgricultural Science & Technology Vol.13, No.5, 20122012Responsible editor: Ze LIU Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WUnovel microbial agents and microbialfertilizers.References1 ZELLES L. Fatty acid patterns of phos-pholipids and lipopolysaccharides in thecharacterisation of microbial communi-ties in soil: a review J. Biology andFertility of Soils, 1999, 29: 111-129.2 TORSVIK V. Microbial diversity and fun-ctioninsoil:fromgenestoecosystemsJ.Curr Opin Microbiol, 2002, 5: 240-245.3 NAKATSU CH. Soil microbial communi-ty analysis using denaturing gradientgel electrophoresisJ. 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Jiangsu Agricultural Sci-ences(江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) ), 2009 (1): 284-285.1026AgriculturalScience&TechnologyVol.13, No.5, 2012 Agricultural Science & Technology2012華中神農(nóng)箭竹更新幼齡地下莖伸長規(guī)律研究王 玲，李 昆，孟銀萍，趙麗雅，李兆華*（湖北大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院，湖北武漢 430062）摘 要 目的 探討華中神農(nóng)箭竹更新幼齡地下莖的伸長規(guī)律 。方法 在神農(nóng)架國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)涼風(fēng)埡設(shè)置樣地，選取六叢獨(dú)立生長的神農(nóng)箭竹作為研究樣本，測量各齡級地下莖長度與直徑，地下莖齡級采用倒逐齡法確定 。結(jié)果 通過樣地調(diào)查研究，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在神農(nóng)箭竹的幼苗期，地下莖隨時間序列快速延長，呈指數(shù)曲線增長 。研究結(jié)果表明，克隆更新的神農(nóng)箭竹幼苗雖然無性繁殖生長了 15 年，但是此新世代的種群還未達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài) 。結(jié)論 該研究通過對神農(nóng)箭竹地下莖伸長規(guī)律的探索，以期為掌握此物種生長周期的基本特性提供理論支持 。關(guān)鍵詞 神農(nóng)箭竹；克隆生長；地下莖；曲線擬合；神農(nóng)架基金項(xiàng)目 國家自然科學(xué)基金（ 31070370） 。作者簡介 王玲（ 1987-），女，湖北襄陽人，碩士研究生 , 從事植物生態(tài)學(xué)研究， E-mail: wlk_211126.com。* 通訊作者 。收稿日期 2012-02-02 修回日期 2012-03-12!Responsible editor: Qingqing YIN Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WUlation (實(shí)心狹葉方竹種群的生物量結(jié)構(gòu)與地下莖生長規(guī)律研究 )J. 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